Abstract 1067
Title: A Package For The Monte-Carlo Simulation of Atomic Relaxation Processes

Author:

Alfonso Mantero

Pres. Type:

Oral
A Package For The Monte-Carlo Simulation of Atomic Relaxation Processes
A. Mantero 
INFN Genova

In the last two years in the context of the Geant4 toolkit, a package for the Monte-Carlo simulation of atomic relaxation processes has been developed and tested against experimental data. It includes models for the simulation of Auger electron and fluorescence photon emission. Results from a comparison with test beam data, presented here, show a very good statistical coincidence of the simulation and of experimental measurements. The package allows to fully exploit the power of other Geant4 components, such as geometry and materials modeling. This gives, for the first time, the chance of simulating fluorescence and Auger emission of complex material as rocks, whatever is the physical process inducing it, thanks to advanced object-oriented software techniques. Application results from the studies for the design of BepiColombo ESA mission to Mercury are presented.

Author on behalf of BepiColombo MXS Group

Abstract 1132
Title: Geant4 Photon Readout Simulations Of Plastic Scintillator Strips With Embedded WLS Fibers

Author:

Peter Gumplinger

Pres. Type:

Either
Geant4 Photon Readout Simulations Of Plastic Scintillator Strips With Embedded WLS Fibers
J-P Archambault1, P. Gumplinger2, P. Kitching1, A. Konaka2, J. Macdonald1, M. Vincter1 
1University of Alberta 
2TRIUMF 

The study of nm to ne oscillations using high intensity neutrino "super beams" is the most promising avenue for measuring neutrino oscillation parameters to an order of magnitude improvement in precision. The international J-PARC/SK proto-collaboration proposes to measure these parameters with the existing SuperKamiokande (SK) detector as the far detector and a high-rate, fine-grained detector of ~ 200 tonnes, placed near the production target to provide measurements of the initial neutrino beam flux. The near detector is based on extruded plastic scintillator strips built into 5m by 5m layers and read out by wave length shifter fibers (WLS) and photomultiplier tubes (PMT's). An R&D program in Canada aims to optimize this mature technology for the J-PARC/SK experiment and find improvements to the photon readout system. To guide this development and to further validate the optical photon functionality in GEANT4, we added 'wave length shifting' to the catalog of processes available with the toolkit, and compared simulations with controlled test bench measurements. This paper gives a short explanation of the optical photon process implementations available in GEANT4 and reports the results of our specific comparison.

Abstract 1163
Title: GEANT4 Applications and Developments for Medical Physics Experiments

Author:

Andreia Trindade

Pres. Type:

Either
GEANT4 Applications and Developments for Astroparticle and Medical Physics Experiments
M. C. Espírito-Santo1, P. Gonçalves1, R. Moura1, L. Peralta1, M. G. Pia2, M. Pimenta1, P. Rodrigues1, B. Tomé1, A. Trindade1, J. Varela1 
1LIP - Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas 
2INFN 

GEANT4 Monte Carlo radiation transport toolkit, developed by the RD44 and GEANT4 Collaborations, aims to become a tool of generalized application in high energy physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics and medical physics research. Due to its Object Oriented design GEANT4 allows for a distinct new approach for the development of flexible simulation applications. This design provides the possibility to implement or modify any physics process in GEANT4 without changing other parts of the software. This feature makes GEANT4 open to the extension of its physics capabilities and to the implementation of alternative physics models. In this work we will report on the implementation of precise low energy bremsstrahlung angular generators for the GEANT4 Low Energy Electromagnetic Physics package and the development of radiation interaction simulation tools for ISS high-energy astrophysics experiments EUSO and AMS. A platform for performance studies of the Clear-PEM scanner, a high-performance Positron Emission Mamography prototype, will also be presented.

Abstract 1168

Title: From DICOM to GRID: a dosimetric system for brachytherapy born from HEP

Author:

Susanna Guatelli

Pres. Type:

Oral
From DICOM to GRID: a dosimetric system for brachytherapy born from HEP
S. Guatelli
INFN Genova

This abstract has been written on behalf of Geant4 brachytherapy group. In brachytherapy software defines the experimental configuration of radioactive seeds appropriate to achieve the desired dose distribution in the patient. We will show you how nowadays it is possible to develop a software for brachytherapy which achieves the goal of high accuracy and speed thanks to the combination of various software toolkits : Geant4 simulation toolkit, AIDA analysis toolkit , GRID and the web. Geant4-based brachytherapy application calculates dose distribution in tissues with great accuracy, in a realistic experimental set-up derived from CT data. The AIDA analysis toolkit provides the elaboration of simulation results. It is possible to run Geant4-based brachytherapy application through a web portal, sharing distributed computing resources thanks to the integration in the GRID, making possible even to modest size hospitals to profit of advanced treatment planning tools. 

Abstract 1170
Title: The CDF Central Analysis Farm

Author:

Igor Sfiligoi

Pres. Type:

Oral
The CDF Central Analysis Farm
T. Kim1, M. Neubauer2, I. Sfiligoi3, L. Weems4, F. W\"urthwein2 
1MIT 
2UCSD 
3INFN 
4FNAL 

Run II at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider began in March 2001 and will continue to probe the high energy frontier in particle physics until the start of the LHC at CERN. It is expected that the CDF collaboration will store up to 10 Petabytes of data onto tape by the end of Run II. Providing efficient access to such a large volume of data for analysis by hundreds of collaborators world-wide will require new ways of thinking about computing in particle physics research. In this talk, I discuss the computing model at CDF designed to address the physics needs of the collaboration. Particular emphasis is placed on the presently deployed user analysis system of around 500 dual-CPU computing nodes and 300TB of disk space at Fermilab, attached to multi PB tape storage. The system is presented both from the user and from the system administrator point of view.

Abstract 1225

Title: Simulation of cellular irradiation with the CENBG microbeam line using GEANT4

Author:

Sebastien Incerti

Pres. Type:

Oral
Simulation of cellular irradiation with the CENBG microbeam line using GEANT4
S. INCERTI, P. AGUER, P. BARBERET, E. FICHTER, E. GONTIER, T. GUINEFOLLEAU, C. MICHELET-HABCHI, P. MORETTO, T. POUTHIER
IN2P3 / CNRS

Light-ion microbeams provide a unique opportunity to irradiate biological samples at the cellular level and to investigate radiobiological effects at low doses of high LET ionizing radiation. A single-ion irradiation facility has been developed since 1998 on the focused horizontal microbeam line of the CENBG 3.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator. This setup delivers single protons and alpha particles of a few MeV in air onto cultured cells. The spatial resolution of the beam of a few microns allows subcellular targeting. In this paper, we present an attempt to use the GEANT4 simulation toolkit to reproduce the CENBG microbeam line from the entrance in the microprobe up to the cellular matter. The GEANT4 simulation allows to follow the different processes of ion diffusion along the beam line elements which can increase the spatial and energy dispersion of the beam and degrade the targeting resolution. The deposited energy within the cells by the incident ions can be estimated as far as the cell average geometry and composition are sufficiently well described. The next-generation ultra-stable accelerator in place at CENBG in 2006, will be connected to a nanobeamline to achieve a submicron resolution for cellular irradiation. We believe GEANT4 and its forthcoming additional components will benefit from these experimental developments to provide a reliable simulation framework and study the interactions of radiation at cellular and DNA level.

Abstract 1230
Title: A Generic Toolkit for Multivariate Fitting Designed with Template Metaprogramming

Author:

Luca Lista

Pres. Type:

Oral
A Generic Toolkit for Multivariate Fitting Designed with Template Metaprogramming
L. Lista1, F. Fabozzi1,2 
1I.N.F.N. Sezione di Napoli 
2Università della Basilicata 

We present a toolkit developed to perform likelihood and chi square fits to data for parameters and yields estimates. The design of the toolkit is based on templete metaprogramming in order to provide users with a generic interface to minimization tools. We provide a default implementation based on ROOT. Commonly used Probability Density Functions (PDFs) are provided with the toolkit and users may add custom PDFs for their own analysis. As a use case we discuss the application of this toolkit for a physics analysis in the BaBar experiment.

Abstract 1246

Title: A shower identification method using a Bayesian statistical model

Author:

Akinori KIMURA

Pres. Type:

Either
A shower identification method using a Bayesian statistical model
A. Kimura1, A. Shibata2, N. Takashimizu3, T. Sasaki2
1Ritsumeikan University
2High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
3Shimane University

We present a method to identify electrons and charged pions in shower counters, and a statistical model used for the method based on Bayesian statistics. We designed an ideal shower counter and studied the efficiency using Monte Carlo simulation based on Geant4. Without having any bias, e.g. tracker information, purity of 95% have been achieved for identification of both particles.

Abstract 1247
Title: DIANE -- Distributed Analysis Environment for GRID-enabled Simulation and Analysis of Physics Data

Author:

Jakub Moscicki

Pres. Type:

Oral
DIANE -- Distributed Analysis Environment for GRID-enabled Simulation and Analysis of Physics Data
J. T. Moscicki 
CERN

DIstributed ANalysis Environment (DIANE) is the result of R&D in CERN IT Division focused on interfacing semi-interactive parallel applications with distributed GRID technology.

DIANE provides a generic workflow management layer above the GRID for easy development and deployment of parallel analysis, simulation and data processing applications. DIANE is application and language-neutral so it may be useful in various areas of physics research . Advanced error recovery and fault tolerance strategies are provided as well as online monitoring and job control tools. Applications run in a master-worker mode and are totally insulated from the underlying middleware by a uniform software facade. Without changes to the source code, applications may, depending on the requirements and context, be distributed on the WAN using generic GRID services or they may be executed in parallel on local clusters in a pre-configured and optimized environment. A number of distributed Geant-4 applications have been deployed and tested, ranging from interactive radiotheraphy treatment planning using dedicated clusters in hospitals, to globally-distributed simulations of astrophysics experiments using the European Data Grid middleware.

Abstract 1253

Title: Overview of Geant4 applications in Medical Physics

Author:

Susanna Guatelli

Pres. Type:

Oral
Overview of Geant4 applications in Medical Physics
S. Guatelli
INFN Genova

This abstract is written in behalf of Geant4 Medical Physics Group. We present a series of achievements associated with Geant4-based applications in medical physics and , in particular, in radiotherapy (external beams and brachytherapy), protontherapy, PEM, PET, MRT, metabolic therapy, IORT; projects in microdosimetry and radiobiology are beginning. The Geant4 CT-interface allows to reproduce realistically the patient anatomy, the integration to the GRID allows to run the applications sharing distributed computering resources. The Geant4 Medical Physics Group has born from the collaboration of Geant4 with several research and medical physics institutes in Europe.

Abstract 1274

Title: Simulation of LHCb Detectors using GEANT4

Author:

Sajan Easo

Pres. Type:

Oral
Simulation of LHCb Detectors using GEANT4
S. Easo
Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory

LHCb is one of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. It aims to make precision measurements of CP violation in the B-meson decays. The Detector simulation of LHCb is being developed using the GEANT4 software toolkit interfaced to the LHCb software framework named GAUDI. An important feature of the LHCb experiment is the use of Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counters (RICH) for particle identification. The Cherenkov photons created in this detector are focussed onto an array of photodetectors made of Hybrid Photodiodes.

An overview of the Geant4 based LHCb simulation program named GAUSS will be given with the main emphasis on RICH simulation.

Abstract 1277
Title: Implementation of a New Monte Carlo Simulation Tool for the Development of a Proton Therapy Beam Line and Verification of the Related Dose Distributions

Author:

Pablo Cirrone

Pres. Type:

Either
Implementation of a New Monte Carlo Simulation Tool for the Development of a Proton Therapy Beam Line and Verification of the Related Dose Distributions
P. G. A. Cirrone1,2, G. Cuttone1, S. Donadio3, S. Guatelli3, S. Lo Nigro2, B. Mascialino3, M. G. Pia3, L. Raffaele1, G. M. Sabini1 
1Laboratori Nazionali Del Sud 
2Physics Department 
3Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare 

At Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, in Catania, Italy, a nuclear physics laboratory, the first Italian protontherapy facility named CATANA (Centro di AdroTerapia ed Applicazioni Nucleari Avanzate) has been realized and fourty-seven patients have been successfully treated from march 2002. Therapy with hadron beams still represents a pioneering technique, and only a few centres worldwide can provide this advanced specialized cancer treatment. Simulation are necessary in order to know the proton beam characteristics, proton interactionwith different elements of the beam line, their interaction with tissue and radiobiological mechanism of radiotherapic interest. The development of the facility required a long experimental work, due to the lack of adequate simulation tools. This work concerned mainly the realization of the passive scattering system and of the modulation system. On the basis of the experience so far gained, a R&D program has been started in the framework of the INFN-GEANT4 collaboration, having as main goal the development of a Monte Carlo tool, based on the GEANT4 simulation toolkit, for the design of protontherapy beam lines and for the test of treatment planning systems. Range simulated, energy distribution, depth and lateral dose distributions for full energy and modulated proton beams will be compared to the experimental results obtained at LNS with different detectors: ionization chambers, silicon diode, diamond and radiochromical and radiographic films.

Abstract 1279

Title: Data Analysis in HEP: a Statistical Toolkit

Author:

Barbara Mascialino

Pres. Type:

Oral
Comments: Other co-authors will be specified later
Data Analysis in HEP: a Statistical Toolkit
B. F. Mascialino
INFN Genova (Italy)

Statistical methods play a significant role throughout the life-cycle of HEP experiments, being an essential component of physics analysis. The present project in progress aims to develop an object-oriented software toolkit for statistical data analysis. More in particular, the Statistical Comparison component of the toolkit provides algorithms for the comparison of data distributions in a variety of use cases typical of HEP experiments, as regression testing (in various phases of the software life-cycle), validation of simulation through comparison to experimental data, comparison of expected versus reconstructed distributions, comparison of data from different sources - such as different sets of experimental data, or experimental with respect to theoretical distributions. The toolkit contains a variety of goodness-of-fit tests, from chi-squared to Kolmogorov-Smirnov, to less known, but generally much more powerful tests such as Anderson-Darling, Lilliefors, Cramer-von Mises, Kuiper, … Thanks to the component-based design and the usage of the standard AIDA interfaces, this tool can be used by other data analysis systems or integrated in experimental software frameworks. We present the architecture of the system, the statistics methods implemented and the results of its first applications to the validation of the Geant4 Simulation Toolkit and to experimental data analysis.

Abstract 1280
Title: Geant4 Simulation Toolkit: Overview and Its Object-Oriented Design

Author:

Katsuya Amako

Pres. Type:

Oral
Geant4 Simulation Toolkit: Overview and Its Object-Oriented Design
K. Amako 
KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization

Monte-Carlo simulation of interactions of particles with matter is an indispensable research tool not only for high energy and nuclear physics, but also for many research domains including accelerator design, radiation physics, astrophysics and space science, radioprotection and bio-medical studies. Geant4 is a general-purpose software toolkit which can be utilized to construct a simulation program in this wide spectrum of disciplines. The central part of the toolkit is an ample set of physics models to handle the interactions of particles with matter across a very wide range of energy - a few hundred eV to TeV. It includes an abundant set of complementary and alternative physics models both for electromagnetic and hadronic interactions. The toolkit has been developed exploiting software engineering and object-oriented technology and implemented in the C++ programming language by a worldwide collaboration of 15 countries. A sophisticated object-oriented design accomplished prior to the program implementation, and a uniform interface and common organizational principles for all physics models are the key elements to accommodate the toolkit to a wide spectrum of requirements posed by various disciplines. In this paper an overview of the toolkit and also the ideas behind the object-oriented design of the program are given.

Abstract 1286

Title: Using Grid for the BaBar Experiment

Author:

Eleonora Luppi

Pres. Type:

Oral
Comments: This abstract is submitted by E. Luppi on behalf of the BaBar Computing Group
Using Grid for the BaBar Experiment
E. Luppi
Universita' di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN - Ferrara

The BaBar experiment has been taking data since 1999. In 2001 the computing group started to evaluate the possibility to evolve toward a distributed computing model in a Grid environment. We built a prototype system, based on the European Data Grid (EDG), to submit full-scale analysis and MonteCarlo simulation jobs.

Computing Elements (CE), Storage Elements (SE) and Worker Nodes (WN) have been installed at SLAC and in various European sites. A BaBar Virtual Organization (VO) and a test Replica Catalogue (RC) are maintained in Manchester, and the experiment is using three EDG test-bed Resource Brokers (RB) in the UK and in Italy.

First analysis tests were performed under the assumption that a standard BaBar software release was available in the Grid target sites, using RC to register information about the executable and the produced Ntuples. Hundreds of analysis jobs accessing either Objectivity or Root data files ran on the Grid. We tested the Monte Carlo simulation production using a farm of the INFN-Grid test-bed customized to install an Objectivity database and run BaBar simulation software. First simulation production tests were performed using standard JDL commands and the output files were written on the closest Storage Element.

A package that can be officially distributed to Grid sites not specifically customized for BaBar has been prepared.

We are studing the possibility to add a user friendly interface to access Grid services for BaBar.

Abstract 1299
Title: Distributed File Catalog in PHENIX

Author:

Indrani Ojha

Pres. Type:

Oral
Distributed File Catalog in PHENIX
I. D. Ojha 
Vanderbilt University

At the end of third year of data taking, PHENIX experiment at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has collected more than 200 terabytes of data. PHENIX generates simulated and reconstructed data at distributed computing centers around the globe. Although the permanent storage place of the data is HPSS at RHIC Computing Facility, data files are frequently copied at local disks for analysis. A distributed file catalog system is developed with grid points at PHENIX participating institutes. This utility facilitates finding physical locations of required files on grid. The technology and method of our approach will be discussed.

for the PHENIX Collaboration

Abstract 1336

Title: Interfacing EGS4 with Geant4 for Comparison of Physics Processes in the Two Different Simulation Tools

Author:

Koichi Murakami

Pres. Type:

Oral
Interfacing EGS4 with Geant4 for Comparison of Physics Processes in the Two Different Simulation Tools
K. Murakami1, K. Amako1, M. Asai2, H. Hirayama1, T. Koi2, Y. Namito1, T. Sasaki1
1KEK
2SLAC

There are several well-known and widely-used simulation packages. However, comparing between different simulation tools often raises controversial issues in geometry description, cut values and so on. Geant4 has rich flexibility and expansibility brought by its Object-Oriented approach, especially in adding physics processes. We can use Geant4 as a framework and plug-in the part of physics processes of other packages as Geant4 modules. In this sense, Geant4 has potential to settle down this kind of difficulties.

We focused on interfacing EGS4 with Geant4 in this paper. EGS4 is one of the most well-known simulation packages for electromagnetic physics and widely used particularly in medical research area. Taking advantage of the capability of Geant4 as a framework, we developed a plug-in interface for using EGS4 as a module of Geant4 physics process. By means of this interface, users can make applications on which the two different simulation systems can co-work in an easy and proper way. This is useful and important for making comparisons between EGS4 and Geant4, especially in users’ application level. In addition, EGS4 users can share Geant4 powerful resources, such as geometry description, tracking etc.

In this paper, we describe our approach of design and implementation of the interface. And also, through some basic comparison tests, the feasibility and usefulness of our plug-in approach can be shown.

Abstract 1353
Title: Noodle: An Environment for HENP Data Processing and Analysis

Author:

Ping Yeh

Pres. Type:

Oral
Noodle: An Environment for HENP Data Processing and Analysis
P. Yeh 
National Taiwan University

Noodle is an object-oriented environment for typical data processing and analysis in high energy and nuclear physics where data processing modules written in C++ can be dynamically loaded with ease. The primary design goal is to allow physicists to concentrate on data, logic and physics rather than programming. It provides an intuitive object-oriented scripting interface in python language to control module parameters and data flow. The system architecture and example applications will be shown.

Abstract 1355

Title: Precision Validation of Geant4 Electromagnetic Physics

Author:

Luciano Pandola

Pres. Type:

Oral
Comments: Presentation on behalf of the Geant4 Electromagnetic Physics Groups
Precision Validation of Geant4 Electromagnetic Physics
L. Pandola
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso

The Geant4 Toolkit provides an ample set of physics models for electromagnetic interactions. Results from a series of detailed tests with respect to well established reference data sources and experiments are presented, focusing in particular on the precision validation of cross sections and angular distributions of various alternative physics models available in Geant4. Such precision tests are especially relevant for critical applications of simulation models, such as tracking detectors, calorimetry, neutrino and other astroparticle experiments, medical physics.

Abstract 1359
Title: Data Analysis in the Grid Era

Author:

Andreas Pfeiffer

Pres. Type:

Oral
Data Analysis in the Grid Era
A. Pfeiffer 
CERN

The future HENP experiments at the LHC will create an unprecendented amount of data which needs to be reconstructed, filtered and analysed to extract the physics signals of interest. While the reconstruction and some part of the filtering can and will be done in a coordinated way for each experiment limiting the stress on the resources, the step of data analysis is expected to put a large load on the resources. It is clear that the present day tools will have to adapt to the new environment of the Grid, however, the exact way of how to use the resources most efficently from a large fraction of the physicists of an experiment doing analysis is today topic of several studies.

The talk will give an overview on the critical issues of Data Analysis as foreseen for future HENP experiments. While emphasis will be given to aspects of data analysis related to the huge amount of data to be processed and analysed at the LHC, the talk will also describe some of the present day tools, prototypes (PAW, ROOT, JAS, Lizard) as well as architectures (LCG-Blueprint) which are used in running experiments and in the data challenges of the LHC experiments. A brief summary of some of the ongoing activities to define a modular architecture and the individual components for Grid enabled Data Analysis (GAG, HEPCAL, PPDG-CS11) will conclude the talk.

Abstract 1370
Title: Validation of Geant4 Hadronic Physics

Author:

Alberto Ribon

Pres. Type:

Oral
Validation of Geant4 Hadronic Physics
A. Ribon 
CERN

The simulation of the hadronic physics interactions is, from one side, a very difficult and wide subject due to the richness of the hadron phenomenology and the theoretical difficulties to describe it rigorously within Quantum Field Theory (QCD), and, from the other side, an essential ingredient for the prediction and the analysis in high-energy physics, and for various other applications, like shielding, dosimetry, etc. The Geant4 simulation toolkit provides a large set of state-of-the-art hadronic models which allow to cover a wide part of the hadronic phenomenology and also to cross-check different approaches. In this talk, we will present some of the undergoing activities to validate the physics of these Geant4 hadronic models against real data, which is an essential step for the assessment of the precision of the simulation and also for the identification of optimal models for specific applications.

Abstract 1376
Title: Modeling detector geometries in Geant4

Author:

Gabriele Cosmo

Pres. Type:

Oral
Modeling detector geometries in Geant4
G. Cosmo 
CERN

The Geometry modeler in Geant4 (a software toolkit for the simulation of the physics generated by the interactions of particles with matter) has been designed to offer to a generic user the ability to describe the geometrical structure of a detector in a very natural way, and allowing an efficient propagation of particles in the geometrical detector model. Advanced techniques for optimizing tracking in the geometrical model have been seriously taken in consideration in the design, both in order to optimize the run-time performance and reduce the physical memory consumption when dealing with complex geometrical setups. In this presentation we're going to review the major concepts of geometry modeling in the Geant4 toolkit, with a special focus on the more recent features introduced in the last releases of the software.

Abstract 1402

Title: The KLOE Computing Environment

Author:

Matthew Moulson

Pres. Type:

Oral
Comments: The correct attribution for the abstract should be "Matthew Moulson, on behalf of the KLOE collaboration." This is the policy of the KLOE collaboration, and it is essential that this attribution appear wherever the abstract and/or summary is posted.
The KLOE Computing Environment

M. Moulson, on behalf of the KLOE collaboration
INFN

The KLOE experiment at DAFNE, the Frascati phi factory, is mainly devoted to the study of the CP/CPT symmetries with K mesons. During 2001 and 2002, KLOE collected ~500 pb^{-1} of data, corresponding to 1.5 10^{9} phi decays, for a total of ~200 TBytes stored on tape. We present the KLOE computing environment, outlining the solutions adopted for sharing of resources between the tasks of data calibration, reconstruction, data reduction, and data processing at the user/analysis level. We describe the performance of the system during the data processing campaigns of the last two years, with particular emphasis on the data processing capability and data transfer rates. We also describe the generation of large Monte Carlo samples, which is an issue for the KLOE experiment because systematics must be kept carefully under control. The efficiency and ease of operation of the data handling system, which are important for all tasks, will also be discussed.

Abstract 1407
Title: Designing and Implementing a New Abstraction Layer to Optimize the HEP An alysis Process

Author:

Vasco Amaral

Pres. Type:

Either
Designing and Implementing a New Abstraction Layer to Optimize the HEP An alysis Process
V. M.M.DO. Amaral1, S. Helmer2, G. Moerkotte2 
1LIP 
2University of Mannheim 

Presently, in the new HEP experiments we are observing a growing complexity in the interfaces of the analysis tools. As a consequence, end users have to master programming, understand complex frameworks and data storage details before achieving the physics goals. This reduces significantly the efficiency of the analysis process.

In order to tackle this problem we propose introducing a new abstraction layer between the end users and the current interfaces. We go further in our approach by proposing to perform the mass event selection by the usage of a visual language that expresses the physics analysis queries in a declarative way. Through our solution we can express complex decay queries easily with no programming efforts, abstracting the storage and optimization details, and reducing the need to deal with the normal framework intricacies. We describe the methodology used designing and implementing the new abstraction layer.

Many thanks to the portuguese LIP (Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas) and FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) for the financial support.

Abstract 1408
Title: A Visual Query Language for HEP Analysis

Author:

Vasco Amaral

Pres. Type:

Either
A Visual Query Language for HEP Analysis
V. M.M.DO. Amaral1, S. Helmer2, G. Moerkotte2 
1LIP 
2University of Mannheim 

Pheasant is the first proposal for a declarative domain specific visual query language for HEP data analysis. It has been designed based on our experience dealing with Hera-B event data and query patterns. Its main goal is to allow the physicist to describe the decay selection queries by means of visual operators, to be run against the experiments' existing storage bases and analysis frameworks.

Our visual language aims to be a simple tool with which a user can express complex decay queries in an easy way with reduced programming efforts. Indeed, the user does not have to deal with intricacies like physical storage details. In our communication we will describe how we determined the visual primitives by looking at the query patterns. We will also describe our language in an informal manner in terms of syntax, semantics, and example queries.

Many thanks to the portuguese LIP (Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas) and FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) for the financial support.

Abstract 1412
Title: Internal body dosimetry through Geant4

Author:

Ernesto Lamanna

Pres. Type:

Poster
Internal body dosimetry through Geant4
E. Lamanna1, A. Bagnato2, G. Barca3, F. Castrovillari1, P. Loizzo2, R. Siciliano3, I. Sinopoli1, M. Veltri3 
1Universita' della Calabria 
2Azienda Ospedaliera 
3Azienda Ospedaliera 

Internal dosimetry is one of the relevant estimation needed in diagnostics and radiation therapy. The determination of the dose received by an organ or tissue from radiations, coming from external or internal source, is directly connected to the characterization of the patient exposure. Usually the dose is estimated using the well known MIRD (Medical Internal Radiation Dose) Technique (Loevinger et al. 1991), developed by the Radiation Internal Dose Information Center. The relevant parameters needed in MIRD technique are estimated through dedicated software using general simulation packages like EGS4. The calculations are performed on mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms and the geometry of the individual patient is not taken into account. This work shows how the internal dose to tissues may be estimated at level of individual patient using the powerful tool Geant4. The facilities included in Geant4 can help to describe in the needed detail and accuracy the internal body structure and to simulate efficiently the propagation of photons and electrons in the body. In particular we show the results obtained in the application of Geant4 to simulate the metabolic therapy with 131I for thyroid disorders and the estimation of the internal dose.

Abstract 1430
Title: Object-Oriented KALMAN-filter package for HEP Analysis

Author:

Simone Giani

Pres. Type:

Oral
Object-Oriented KALMAN-filter package for HEP Analysis
A. Cervera1, J. GomezCadenas2 
1Geneva University 
2Valencia University 

The implementation of the Kalman Filter in the software of the HARP experiment at CERN has lead to the development of a more general tool, called "RecPack", which allows the reconstruction of dynamic trajectories in any experimental setup. The basic utility of the package is the fitting of trajectories in the presence of random noise processes (multiple scattering, etc) via a Kalman Filter fit. The package also includes an analytical navigator which allows: extrapolation to any surface, path length computations, matching functions (trajectory-trajectory, trajectory-measurement, etc) and much more.

Abstract 1439
Title: From WEB to GRID: a New Perspective for Archaeology

Author:

Pier Pelfer

Pres. Type:

Oral
From WEB to GRID: a New Perspective for Archaeology
G. Pelfer1, P. G. Pelfer2 
1University of Bologna 
2University of Florence 

It is well known that in Archaeology large use is done of digital technologies and computer applications for data acquisition, storage, analysis and visualization. In the last years the amount of information coming from remote sensing, from precise and fast acquisition of 3D artifacts images by scanners laser, from GPS precise reference of geographical points and from other human and natural sciences are increasing at a large extent the amount of data that it need to be stored and made available for analysis. Moreover the use of Virtual Archaeology as a new approach to the narration and visualization in Archaeology, is expanding rapidly, not only in the museum and archaeology professions, but also in the broadcast media, tourism and heritage industries. From an other side recent natural and social disasters (wars) created enormous damages to the archaeological heritage and in many case destroyed definitively any information about ancient civilizations. It is urgent a long term project for saving archaeological information for the present and next generations. The GRID technology developed by the CERN for the next experiments at LHC can be used for such project. The paper try to show what can be used by the present GRID technology and what could be modified to approach the specificity of the archaeological information.

Abstract 1441
Title: POOL, the LCG Persistency Framework.

Author:

Ioannis Papadopoulos

Pres. Type:

Oral
POOL, the LCG Persistency Framework.
I. Papadopoulos 
CERN

The POOL project is currently developing a common object storage framework for the LHC Computing Grid (LCG) application area. The POOL software is developed for the storage of experiment and meta data in the multi-petabyte scale in a distributed and grid computing environment. The project follows a hybrid approach combining C++ object streaming technology such as Root I/O for the bulk data with transactionally safe relational database such as MySQL for collections and meta data. POOL is based on a component model. It provides navigational access to distributed data without exposing details of the particular underlying storage technology. The POOL software is expected to be already used in test production by the time of the conference.

The author represents the full POOL team.

Abstract 1451

Title: On-line Software in the HARP experiment at CERN PS

Author:

Simone Giani

Pres. Type:

Oral
Comments: The talk could also go in the DAQ session, but given the overall vision of the HARP software, where the data are objectified online and recorded directly in a commercial data-base system, we thought it can fit well in a software/computing perspective.
On-line Software in the HARP experiment at CERN PS
E. Radicioni
INFN

In the years 2000 to 2002 the HARP Experiment has taken data at the CERN PS. We describe the HARP data acquisition, based on a prototype LHC DAQ system, capable of in-spill readout of a TPC detector up to a rate of 3KHz, and featuring the possibility of on-line data objectification.

Abstract 1453
Title: User Defined Data in the New Analysis Model of the BaBar Experiment

Author:

Guglielmo De Nardo

Pres. Type:

Oral
User Defined Data in the New Analysis Model of the BaBar Experiment
G. De Nardo, L. Lista 
INFN Sezione di Napoli

The BaBar experiment has recently revised its Analysis Model. One of the key ingredient of BaBar new Analysis Model is the support of the capability to add to the Event Store user defined data, which can be the output of complex computations performed at an advanced stage of a physics analysis, and are associated to analysis objects. In order to provide flexibility and extensibility with respect to object types, template generic programming has been adopted. In this way the model is non-intrusive with respect to reconstruction and analysis objects it manages, not requiring changes in their interfaces and implementations. Technological details are hidden as much as possible to the user, providing a simple interface. In this paper we present the design and the implementation of BaBar user data, and the experience we got from the first months of tests.

Abstract 1475
Title: SEcure Graphical User Interface for Geant4

Author:

Hajime YOSHIDA

Pres. Type:

Either
SEcure Graphical User Interface for Geant4
H. YOSHIDA, K. MINAMIMOTO 
Naruto University of Education

Geant4 is an OO detector simulation toolkit having more than ten categories.The intercoms category takes care of communications between loosely coupled categories as well as user interactions. All user interactions are captured by the abstract class defining the user session. We have developed a Java-based client tool;Gain (Geant4 adaptive interface for network)and its counterpart C++class within Geant4 to execute a simulation over the Internet in the secure way using SSH.Gain runs on Java Runtime Environment or Java Web Start,while Geant4 runs on Unixen server systems to which SSH access is permitted.Gain reuses all user-friendly and adaptive features of GAG;a pipe-based ancestor.Gain is designed to make use of the plug-in classes for network communication.The default SSH client plug-in was implemented by inheriting the JTA (Java Telnet Application)of L.Jugel and M.Meissner. We place Gain as the starting point to provide integrated user environment for Geant4, in which GUI,visualization,event display and data analysis tools collaborate together,XML working as their glue.We have made a prototype C++class using XML DTD which is equivalent to the present Gain ’s private protocol. Such an environment would enlarge our “business model ” in which specialists of Geant4 simulation develop and provide working Geant4 applications at their institutes, while common users run and exploit them at their home institutes.Use of SSH and/or SSL may be mandatory for some applications.

Abstract 1476
Title: Validation of GEANT4 for Simulations in Medical Physics

Author:

Jean-Francois Carrier

Pres. Type:

Oral
Validation of GEANT4 for Simulations in Medical Physics
J-F Carrier1,2, L. Archambault1,2, R. Roy2, B. Luc1,2 
1Hotel-Dieu, CHUQ, Universite Laval 
2Universite Laval 

GEANT4 (GEometry ANd Tracking 4) is a free Monte Carlo simulation toolkit based on object-oriented technology. It simulates the passage of particles through matter. GEANT4 is used in different scientific fields, including medical physics. Radiation therapy treatment planning could benefit from the use of GEANT4 because it offers the possibility to track particles of low energy, down to 0.99 keV. Thus, great precision could be reached and small geometries could be considered.

We conducted a study to validate GEANT4 for medical physics applications. In this study, comparisons between the GEANT4 code and selected Monte Carlo codes for both electron and photon beams (or sources) were performed. Different geometries were tested, such as a multilayer medium irradiated by a monoenergetic 20 MeV electron beam, a 6 MeV realistic Varian Clinac 2100C electron beam in a water phantom, a multi-slab phantom irradiated by a monoenergetic 20 MV photon point source and a multi-slab medium irradiated by a realistic clinical 18 MV photon beam. Overall, the validation shows that GEANT4 seems as good as many other Monte Carlo toolkits currently used in medical physics. Thus, GEANT4 can be used for dosimetry calculations to simulate radioactive sources and radiation beams used for therapy.

Abstract 1479

Title: Efficiency of Resource Brokering in Grids for High Energy Physics Computing

Author:

Paul Crosby

Pres. Type:

Oral
Efficiency of Resource Brokering in Grids for High Energy Physics Computing
P. Crosby1, D. Waters1, D. Colling2
1University College London
2Imperial College London

This paper presents a study of the efficiency of resource brokering in a computational grid constructed for CPU and data intensive HEP analysis. Real data is extracted from the logging records of an in-use resource broker relating to the running of Monte Carlo jobs, and compared with detailed modelling of job processing in a grid system. This analysis uses performance indicators relating to how efficiently the jobs are run, as well as how effectively the available computational resources are being utilised. In the case of a heavily loaded grid, the delays incurred at different stages of brokering and scheduling are studied, in order to determine where the bottlenecks appear in this process. The performance of different grid setups is tested, for instance homogenous and heterogenous resource distribution, and varying numbers of resource brokers.

Abstract 1515
Title: Scalability tests of R-GMA based Grid job monitoring system for CMS Monte Carlo data production.

Author:

Hugh Tallini

Pres. Type:

Oral
Scalability tests of R-GMA based Grid job monitoring system for CMS Monte Carlo data production.
H. Tallini1, S. Traylen2, S. Fisher2, H. Nebrensky3, C. Grandi4, P. Kyberd3, D. Colling1, P. Hobson3, D. Bonacorsi4, L. Field2 
1Imperial College London 
2Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 
3Brunel University 
4Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare 

High Energy Physics experiments such as CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) have unprecedented large-scale data processing computing requirements, with data accumulating at rates of the order of 1 Gbyte/s. The Grid distributed computing paradigm has been chosen as the solution to provide the requisite computing power. The demanding nature of CMS software and computing requirements, such as the production of large quantities of Monte Carlo simulated data, makes it an ideal test case for the Grid and a major driver for the development of Grid technologies. One important challenge when using the Grid for large scale data analysis is the ability to monitor the large numbers of jobs that are being executed simultaneously at multiple remote sites. R-GMA is a monitoring and information management service for distributed resources based on the Grid Monitoring Architecture of the Global Grid Forum. In this paper we report on the first use of R-GMA as part of a monitoring architecture for batch submission of multiple CMS Monte Carlo simulation jobs running on the CMS-LCG0 Grid test bed. Monitoring information was transferred in real time from remote executing nodes back to the submitting host and stored in a database. Scalability tests were undertaken whereby the job submission rate was ramped up to rates comparable with those to be expected in a full-scale production.

Abstract 1523
Title: A Computer Code for the Simulation of X-ray Imaging Systems

Author:

Seong Ahn

Pres. Type:

Poster
A Computer Code for the Simulation of X-ray Imaging Systems
S. KYU. Ahn1, G. Cho1, Y. K. Chi1, H. K. Kim2, M. Jae3 
1Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 
2Kyung Hee University 
3Han Yang University 

A computer code was developed to simulate an X-ray imaging system, which is composed in X-ray source, object and detection parts. The physical principles are the X-ray attenuation law and the detecting probability based on deterministic methods. In the part of an X-ray source, it generates a source spectrum and prepares corresponding attenuation coefficients for object materials. A computer-aided drawing (CAD)-formatted file is used as the object geometry to make it convenient to describe complex 3-D object components. The number of pixel and the size of detector are variable in the part of a detector. Transmission images can be simulated with various X-ray energies, including spectrum and various system geometries. From these images, it is also possible to reconstruct lamino- or tomographic images, following the step of image processing. The simulation code has its graphic user interface (GUI), which makes it easy to perform selection of simulation parameters, images reconstruction and post-image processing. The features and some of the sample transmitted and reconstructed images will be given and discussed in detail.

Abstract 1525 duplicate of 1528
Title: Radiotherapy Treatment Planning with Monte Carlo on a Distributed System

Author:

Stephane Chauvie

Pres. Type:

Oral
Radiotherapy Treatment Planning with Monte Carlo on a Ditributed System
S. Chauvie1,2, G. Scielzo1 
1Ordine Mauriziano - IRCC 
2INFN 

Monte Carlo methods have been used extensively in dose verification in radiotherapy since offer a better accuracy respect to analytical algorithms. The most severe obstacle in application to clinical practice is the high time needed for calculations. We have studied a network of Personal Computer as a realistic alternative to a high-costs dedicated parallel hardware to be used in clinical practice as instruments of evaluation of challenging IMRT and 3D-CRT treatment plans. With Geant4 we described our irradiation facilities: a Varian 600C/D with a 120-leaves d-MLC. In the while we set-up a Beowulf Cluster governed by Linux with LAM-MPI library for parallelisation. Simulation of IMRT treatments has been carried out successfully and Geant4 proven to be very flexible and easy to manage in simulating the treatments. The manipulation of simple script files offer the possibility to rotate the gantry, move the jaws and MLC during the same run accumulating dose distributions. The geometry of patient is constructed using DICOM CT interface that can be managed inside the simulation. We showed that the whole simulation could be run in parallel and that the simulation time diminishes linearly incrementing the number of processors involved in calculation. This means that with a sufficient number of nodes it is possible to have accurate dose calculation in time comparable to that of analytical algorithms.

Acknowledgment: Work funded by 2001-2002 Grant of the Italian Association of Cancer Research (AIRC).

Abstract 1528 duplicate of 1525
Title: Radiotherapy treatment planning with Monte Carlo on a distributed system

Author:

Stephane Chauvie

Pres. Type:

Oral
Radiotherapy treatment planning with Monte Carlo on a distributed system
S. Chauvie1,2, G. Scielzo1 
1Ordine Mauriziano - IRCC 
2INFN 

Monte Carlo methods have been used extensively in dose verification in radiotherapy since offer a better accuracy respect to analytical algorithms. The most severe obstacle in application to clinical practice is the high time needed for calculations. We have studied a network of Personal Computer as a realistic alternative to a high-costs dedicated parallel hardware to be used in clinical practice as instruments of evaluation of challenging IMRT and 3D-CRT treatment plans. With Geant4 we described our irradiation facilities: a Varian 600C/D with a 120-leaves d-MLC. In the while we set-up a Beowulf Cluster governed by Linux with LAM-MPI library for parallelisation. Simulation of IMRT treatments has been carried out successfully and Geant4 proven to be very flexible and easy to manage in simulating the treatments. The manipulation of simple script files offer the possibility to rotate the gantry, move the jaws and MLC during the same run accumulating dose distributions. The geometry of patient is constructed using DICOM CT interface that can be managed inside the simulation. We showed that the whole simulation could be run in parallel and that the simulation time diminishes linearly incrementing the number of processors involved in calculation. This means that with a sufficient number of nodes it is possible to have accurate dose calculation in time comparable to that of analytical algorithms

This work has been possible thanks to 2000-01 Grants of the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC)

Abstract 1560
Title: A GRID solution for Gravitational Waves Signal Analysis: performances of test algorithms and future developments.

Author:

Fabrizio Barone

Pres. Type:

Poster
A GRID solution for Gravitational Waves Signal Analysis: performances of test algorithms and future developments.
F. Barone1,2, R. De Rosa3,2, L. Milano3,2, S. Pardi3, R. Esposito2, P. Mastroserio2 
1Università di Salerno 
2INFN - sez. Napoli 
3University of Napoli Federico II 

In this paper we describe the computing facility developed in Napoli for the development, test and validation of computing algorithms for data analysis in the field of gravitational waves, in particular for coalescing binary analysis. The facility has been developed as a general purpose facility that uses only standard hardware and software components, so that it can be easily upgraded and reconfigured. In fact, it can be partially or totally configured as a GRID farm, as MOSIX farm or as MPI farm. All these three configurations may coexist since the facility can be split into configuration subsets, operation that can be obtained also remotely by using script files. A full description of this farm is reported, together with test of performances and planned developments. Within this environment we decided to develop a system prototype with application software for the first experimental tests of a geographically distributed computing system for the analysis of gravitational wave signal from coalescing binary systems. These tests have been performed within a small GRID environment based on three local nodes: the Bologna node, acting as Tier-1, and the Napoli and Roma nodes, both acting as Tier-2.

Abstract 1722
Title: Software aspects of the Na59 experiment

Author:

gokhan unel

Pres. Type:

Oral
Software aspects of the Na59 experiment
I. Birol, G. N. Unel 
northwestern univ

NA59 experiment on the SPS-H2 beamline at CERN took data during the summers of 1999 and 2000, to investigate the creation of circularly polarized photons starting from unpolarized electrons. It was a relatively small budget experiment, thus most of the computational work needed to be done off-site. The computational hub for the experiment was the Northwestern University, where two clusters of computers served for the Monte Carlo simulation of the experiment, the production of the Data Summary Tapes (DST) and the offline data analysis. The Monte Carlo studies were done on a 10-node computer farm, which ran Fermilab Batch System on Linux. A web-based program was used for the DST production, located on the web server of the experiment. The offline data analysis was mostly performed on a cluster that ran Fermi Linux distribution. After reconstructing about half a million $e^+,e^-$ pairs and comparing the results with the theoretical predictions, our experiment showed the birefringence property of the crystals for the photons in the 20-170 GeV, for the first time. This paper provides an overview of the home-grown computational tools and the analysis software implementation.

On Behalf of the NA59 collaboration

Abstract 1727

Title: Geant4 in the Space Environment: Tools and Applications

Author:

Giovanni Santin

Pres. Type:

Either
Geant4 in the Space Environment: Tools and Applications
G. Santin1, P. Nieminen1, H. Evans1, E. Daly1, F. Lei2, P. Truscott2, C. Dyer2, R. Nartallo2, B. Quaghebeur3, D. Heynderickx3
1ESA - ESTEC
2QinetiQ
3BIRA

Space environment and effects analysis is a crucial process in space mission development cycle. A number of dedicated tools have been developed in the last decades for the study of the effects of radiation on materials and instruments in space. We present here a set of applications and new tools for space based on the Geant4 simulation toolkit, developed as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) activities in the Geant4 collaboration.

Abstract 1731

Title: Enabling Event-Based Data Analysis Without File Names

Author:

Kesheng Wu

Pres. Type:

Oral
Enabling Event-Based Data Analysis Without File Names
K. Wu1, W.-M. Zhang2, A. Sim1, J. Gu1, A. Shoshani1
1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2Kent State University

High Energy Nuclear Physics (HENP) experiments such as STAR at BNL and ATLAS at CERN produce large amounts of data that are stored as files on mass storage systems in computer centers. In order to access these files, a user must know file names, manage the file transfers and manage the disk space occupied by the files. This unnecessarily complicates the analysis process. To remove the need for users to perform these tasks, we developed the request manager that makes it possible to access events directly. Using the request manager, a request for events is specified in terms of meaningful physical conditions, such as "production date between March 10 and 20, and the number of charged tracks > 100." The request manager locates the files containing events satisfying these conditions, retrieves those files from the mass storage systems, and delivers the events to the analysis code. In addition to freeing the users from the file management activities, it also allows sharing of files already retrieved among different users. The HENP Data Access Grand Challenge project pioneered this approach. Our request manager extends the capability of the software in two important aspects. It can access multiple storage sites through the use of GRID; and it allows parallel clients to analyze a set of files concurrently. The request manager is currently integrated into the STAR analysis framework and can be used with a minimal amount of modification to user analysis code.

This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Laboratory Policy and Infrastructure Management, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.

Abstract 1759
Title: Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Neutral Current Detector Data Acquisition Software Overview

Author:

Mark Howe

Pres. Type:

Oral
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Neutral Current Detector Data Acquisition Software Overview
M. A. Howe1, A. Cox1, F. McGirt2, J. F. Wilkerson1, J. M. Wouters2 
1University of Washington 
2Los Alamos National Labs 

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) will begin a new phase of operation in the autumn of 2003 with the installation of the Neutral Current Detectors (NCD). The data acquisition (DAQ) program for the NCD project is ORCA--the Object-oriented Real-time Control and Acquisition system. ORCA is a MacOS X application developed using Objective-C and the Cocoa application framework. This application uses Objective-C objects to represent the various pieces of the NCD hardware and is the main graphical user interface that operators use for hardware initialization, run control, data packaging, and data shipping. NCD hardware consists of up to eight VME based shaper/ADC cards and a multiplexer system that directs the NCD signals into two Tektronics 754 digitizing oscilloscopes. Data readout of all VME hardware is done by a small C application running in a MVME 167 embedded computer. The VME data is passed to ORCA using dual port memory while the NCD waveforms are read out by ORCA thru the oscilloscopes. The data stream is broadcast using sockets to an external builder which correlates the shaper and waveform data.

Abstract 1839
Title: Kernel Architecture of Geant4 Simulation Toolkit

Author:

Makoto Asai

Pres. Type:

Oral
Kernel Architecture of Geant4 Simulation Toolkit
M. Asai 
SLAC

This presentation introduces the basic architecture of kernel of Geant4 simulation toolkit. Enphasis is put on how physics is abstracted, how an event and a track is processed, how geometry is decoupled from tracking, and how detector sensitivity is abstracted.

Abstract 1842
Title: Muon Identification and Combined Reconstruction for the ATLAS Detector at the LHC at CERN

Author:

Theodota Lagouri

Pres. Type:

Oral
Muon Identification and Combined Reconstruction for the ATLAS Detector at the LHC at CERN
T. Lagouri 
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

The muon identification and the high momentum measurement accuracy is crucial to fully exploit the physics potential that will be accessible with ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The muon energy of physics interest ranges in a large interval from few GeV, where the b-physics studies dominate the physics program, up to the highest values that could indicate the presence of new physics. For what the muon detection is concerned, the ATLAS detector is characterized by two high precision tracking systems, namely the Inner Detector and the Muon System and a thick calorimeter that ensures a safe hadron absorption filtering with high purity muons with energy above 3 GeV.

In order to combine the muon tracks reconstructed in Inner Detector and the Muon System the Muon Identification (MUID) Object-Oriented software package has been developed. The purpose of the MUID procedure is to associate tracks found in the Muon Spectrometer with the corresponding Inner Detector track and calorimeter information in order to identify muons at their production vertex with optimum parameter resolution. The performance of these two combined systems has been evaluated with single muons of fixed transverse momentum and with full physics events.

on behalf of the ATLAS Collaboration

Abstract 1848
Title: ATLAS Tile Calorimeter performance study with geant4 and geant3 simulations and testbeam data

Author:

Calin Alexa

Pres. Type:

Oral
ATLAS Tile Calorimeter performance study with geant4 and geant3 simulations and testbeam data
C. Alexa1, S. Constantinescu2, S. Dita3 
1CERN 
2IFIN 
3IFIN 

The geometry and the readout systems of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) were implemented in Geant4 within the FADS/Goofy framework. The results obtained from the simulations performed for the testbeam setup were compared with the testbeam data. A comparative analysis of the calorimeter response to pions and protons has been done. A higher response and a better linearity for pions as well as a better resolution for protons have been obtained.

Abstract 1863
Title: COMPASS data store

Author:

massimo lamanna

Pres. Type:

Oral
COMPASS data store
M. Lamanna1, V. Duic2, V. Frolov3, U. Fuchs1 
1CERN 
2INFN 
3INFN 

COMPASS, the fixed-target experiment at CERN studying the structure of the nucleon and hadron spectroscopy, collects hundreds of terabytes of raw data every year within a data taking period of the order of 100 days; in 2002, over 260 TB were collected. All these data, together with reconstructed events information, are put from the beginning in a database infrastructure and on the hierarchical storage manager CASTOR. The experience in the usage of the full system is reviewed. As today, two database systems have been used in production, based on object-oriented and relation technologies. The experience of handling this large data size during data taking and analysis is reviewed.

Abstract 1874
Title: Distributing BaBar data using the Storage Resource Broker (SRB)

Author:

Adil Hasan

Pres. Type:

Oral
Distributing BaBar data using the Storage Resource Broker (SRB)
A. Hasan1, W. Kroeger1, L. Martin2, D. Boutigny3, A. Hanushevsky1 
1Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 
2Univ. Paris VI et VII 
3LAPP - CNRS/IN2P3 

The BaBar experiment's computing resources are geographically spread. a direct consequence of this is that a large amount of data is transferred between sites. Providing easy management and access to these data is a challenging task. To accomplish this task we are employing the Storage Resource Broker (SRB), developed at SDSC, to manage the Objectivity/DB database files and to replicate them between Tier-A centers. A catalog based on Oracle tables has been added to the SRB that keeps BaBar-specific information about event collections and properties of Objectivity/DB database files. This catalog and the SRB meta data catalog are well separated and only connected in a few well defined places.

The system has been tested at IN2P3 and SLAC and this paper discusses our experience with putting it into production. We describe how the system could be used to manage the data import/export between the computing sites and how it fits into building a BaBar data grid. We also explain how a user benefits from this system to access and obtain data in an easy and transparent fashion.

On behalf of the BaBar Computing Group

Abstract 1889
Title: A GRID-like Computing Proposal for the Tiles Calorimeter of the ATLAS Experiment

Author:

Carmen Maidantchik

Pres. Type:

Oral
A GRID-like Computing Proposal for the Tiles Calorimeter of the ATLAS Experiment
C. Maidantchik1, J. M. Seixas2, M. L. DRUMOND. Lanza3, R. Santelli3 
1Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 
3Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 

For the hadronic calorimeter of ATLAS, the TileTransfer has been developed as a Web system to facilitate the transferring of data to that are produced during calibration testbeam periods. It automatically searches, stages and provides a link to download the selected data stored at a remote file center. The system has an interface with the Run Info Database, which contains the description of all test beam runs. It is also possible to receive a link to the files by email, avoiding waiting time until the process is finished. In order to optimize the file transmission, the system is connected to a central repository that stores information of the latest accesses. Once a user connects to the TileTransfer, he/she can become a file server to other users. Thus, at different servers, the selected file is split into several pieces. Each piece is sent from one server in parallel and built up together in the final destination. We are currently working in the 2.0 version, dealing with security and efficiency requirements. The whole system runs under the Web and it was developed in C language, Php and JavaScript. TileTransfer allows that the file administration be geographically distributed, avoiding an overloaded at the central repository. We also foresee the integration with analysis tools by remote Web access and the publication of the results to the whole community. Among the benefits of this proposal, one can underline an effective management of data across the Net of users.

Abstract 1900
Title: JAS3 - A general purpose data analysis framework for High Energy Physics and beyond.

Author:

Tony Johnson

Pres. Type:

Oral
JAS3 - A general purpose data analysis framework for High Energy Physics and beyond.
A. Johnson, M. Donszelmann, J. Perl, V. Serbo, M. Turri 
SLAC

JAS3 is a general purpose, open-source, data analysis tool. This talk will give an overview of the features and design of JAS3, and describe how (and why) new users can get started with it.

JAS3 builds on several open-source projects and so is able to leverage a large amount of existing code. The program uses a highly modular component based framework which allows it to be customized for a particular problem domain by addition, replacement or removal of modules. The JAS team is also an active partner in the AIDA working group, and JAS3 makes extensive use of the AIDA interfaces. JAS is currently used by Babar, Glast, US Linear Collider group, and many other individuals and groups. Features of JAS3 include: - Easy to learn GUI for performing common analysis tasks (plotting, ntuple-analysis, fitting etc.). - Support for a variety of scripting languages (pnuts, jython, etc.), and for writing Java "analysis modules". - High quality print output and export of plots in a variety of formats including PS, EPS, PDF, SVG, GIF, PNG. - Fitting (binned or unbinned) using an extensible set of fitting methods and optimizers. - Able to read data in a variety of formats including: SQL databases and text-files. - Customizable event display based on WIRED4. - Support for client-server, distributed, and Grid based interactive data analysis. - Support for online monitoring and control applications. More info is available at http://jas.freehep.org/jas3

Abstract 1901
Title: Interfacing the JQMD and JAM Nuclear Reaction Codes to Geant4

Author:

Tatsumi Koi

Pres. Type:

Oral
Interfacing the JQMD and JAM Nuclear Reaction Codes to Geant4
T. Koi1, M. Asai1, D. H. Wright1, K. Niita2, Y. Nara3, K. Amako4, T. Sasaki4 
1SLAC 
2Research Organization for Information Science & Technology 
3University of Arizona 
4KEK 

Geant4 is a toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for geometry, tracking, detector response, run, event and track management, visualization and user interfaces. Geant4 also has an abundant set of physics models that handle the diverse interactions of particles with matter. However, there are already many well-established reaction codes currently used in the same fields. In order to take advantage of these codes, we began to investigate their use from the framework of Geant4. The first codes chosen for this investigation were the JQMD (Jaeri Quantum Molecular Dynamics) and JAM (Jet A Microscopic Transport Model) models. JQMD is a QMD code which is widely used to analyze various aspects of heavy ion reactions. This code calculates heavy ion reactions in the energy range from order 10 MeV up to about 3 GeV per nucleon. JAM is a hadronic cascade model which explicitly treats all established hadronic states, including resonances with explicit spin and isospin, as well as their anti-particles. We successfully developed interfaces between these codes and Geant4. These allow a user to construct a detector using the powerful material and geometrical capabilities of Geant4, while at the same time implementing nuclear reactions handled by either the JQMD or JAM models. We will demonstrate these interfaces in the presentation and report recent results of simulations which have used the interfaces.

Abstract 1976
Title: The Geant4-based BaBar Simulation

Author:

Dennis Wright

Pres. Type:

Oral
The Geant4-based BaBar Simulation
D. H. Wright 
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

The simulation production code for the BaBar experiment is based on the Geant4 toolkit. In a typical e+e- -> Upsilon(4s) -> B0 B0bar event, between 30 and 60 tracks are produced in the generator and propagated through the detector, using decay, electromagnetic and hadronic processes provided by the Geant4 toolkit. The material model of the detector is very detailed and a special particle transportation module was developed so that minute features would be sampled in the propagation without sacrificing performance. The propagation phase for such an event requires 4 CPU seconds on an 866 MHz processor. Execution speeds for other BaBar event types will also be presented. Validation of simulated events against data from BaBar and other experiments is ongoing, and the results of Monte Carlo/data comparisons will be shown. A discussion of the design of the simulation code and its robustness, how the Geant4 toolkit is used, and ongoing efforts to improve the agreement between data and Monte Carlo will also be presented.

Abstract 2029
Title: ATLAS data Challenge 1 - Project Report

Author:

Armin Nairz

Pres. Type:

Oral
ATLAS data Challenge 1 - Project Report
A. Nairz 
CERN

In 2002 the ATLAS Collaboration started a series of Data Challenges (DC's) whose goals are the validation of the Computing Model, of the complete software suite, of the data model, and to ensure the correctness of the technical choices to be made. A major feature of the first Data Challenge (DC1) was the preparation and the deployment of the software required for the production of large event samples for the High Level Trigger and Physics communities, and the production of those samples as a world-wide distributed activity. The first phase (event generation, simulation) of DC1 was run during Summer 2002, and involved 39 institutes in 18 countries. In the second phase (October 2002-February 2003) the next processing step ("pile-up") was performed with the participation of 56 institutes in 21 countries. Currently, distributed reconstruction of the most demanding high-statistics samples is carried out at the 9 largest sites, and should be finalised by mid of June 2003. The basic elements of the ATLAS Monte-Carlo production system are described, covering job submission, execution, data handling and bookkeeping. The procedures for validating the software suite and the certification of participating sites are presented. The production was already partly performed by using different flavours of Grid middleware at about 20 sites; a short overview of these Grid-based production systems is given.

Abstract 2042

Title: Sensitivity of robust vertex fitting algorithms

Author:

Pascal Vanlaer

Pres. Type:

Oral
 
Sensitivity of robust vertex fitting algorithms

J. D'Hondt1, R. Fruehwirth2, P. Vanlaer3, W. Waltenberger2
1VUB
2HEPHY
3ULB

Robust vertex fitting algorithms are expected to improve the knowledge of the vertex position and of its uncertainty, in the presence of mis-measured or mis-associated tracks. Such contaminations are likely to happen in high luminosity experiments, such as the CMS experiment at the future proton-proton collider LHC. We have performed a simulation study of the sensitivity of two types of robust algorithms : a trimmed least-squares estimator and an adaptive estimator. Their statistical properties are studied as a function of the source and the level of contamination, and compared to the results obtained with classical least-squares estimators

Abstract 2120
Title: Geant4 Simulation of the Influence of Electron’s Multiply Scattering Processes in Studies of the Angular Resolution of the Satellite Spectrometer-Telescope

Author:

Tetyana Malykhina

Pres. Type:

Oral

Geant4 Simulation of the Influence of Electron’s Multiply Scattering Processes in Studies of the Angular Resolution of the Satellite Spectrometer-Telescope

Kharkiv National University

Results of computer simulation using Geant4 of electrons passage through the detectors of the satellite spectrometer-telescope of high-energy charged particles “STEP” are presented. The device consists of a detector unit and of a digital data processing unit. The detector unit contains two identical silicon position-sensitive matrix detectors, and two scintillator crystals viewed by large-area photodiodes and a photomultiplier tube. Each element of the silicon matrix is an autonomous semiconductor detector and has its own analogue signal-shaping amplifier. The instrument identifies the incident particles and determines their kinetic energies, and simultaneously determines the trajectories of the particles by using the coordinates obtained from the position-sensitive matrix detectors. The visualization module is included into the programs package in order to have a full presentation of the space distribution particles at the passing through the detectors. The visualization functions have additional components for the user’s convenience. As a result of the carried out simulation it turned out that it is possible the simple determination of the particle incident direction for the primary electrons with the energy ~4.5MeV and more. The determination of the particle incident direction becomes difficult for the electrons with lower energy in consequence of multiple scattering processes taking place in elements matter. 

This work is supported by the Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU Grant N 1578). Autor asknowledges the assistance of the Space Research Section of Kharkiv National University. 

Abstract 2204

Title: The GLAST Simulation

Author:

Francesco Longo

Pres. Type:

Oral
 

The GLAST Simulation

F. Longo1
1Univ. and INFN Trieste

The GLAST detector simulation package is integrated into a general framework used to  process events for the GLAST high energy gamma-ray telescope. The simulation framework is based on the Geant4 toolkit. A unique repository for the
geometrical description of the detector has been realized using the XML language and a C++ library to access this information has been designed. A detailed simulation of the  signals generated inside Silicon Detectors has been provided for the generation of the electronic signal to be used for the particle tracking. A series of C++  techniques have been implemented to track the particles within the Silicon-Tungsten  tracker of GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT). This simulation package and all its components will be presented.

Abstract 2223
Title: GEANT4 Applications and Developments for Astroparticle Experiments

Author:

Pedro Rodrigues

Pres. Type:

Either
GEANT4 Applications and Developments for Astroparticle and Medical Physics Experiments
M. C. Espírito-Santo1, P. Gonçalves1, R. Moura1, L. Peralta1, M. G. Pia2, M. Pimenta1, P. Rodrigues1, B. Tomé1, A. Trindade1, J. Varela1 
1LIP - Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas 
2INFN 

GEANT4 Monte Carlo radiation transport toolkit, developed by the RD44 and GEANT4 Collaborations, aims to become a tool of generalized application in high energy physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics and medical physics research. Due to its Object Oriented design GEANT4 allows for a distinct new approach for the development of flexible simulation applications. This design provides the possibility to implement or modify any physics process in GEANT4 without changing other parts of the software. This feature makes GEANT4 open to the extension of its physics capabilities and to the implementation of alternative physics models. In this work we will report on the implementation of precise low energy bremsstrahlung angular generators for the GEANT4 Low Energy Electromagnetic Physics package and the development of radiation interaction simulation tools for ISS high-energy astrophysics experiments EUSO and AMS. A platform for performance studies of the Clear-PEM scanner, a high-performance Positron Emission Mamography prototype, will also be presented.


Last update 21 July, 2003 - Maria Grazia Pia