Discovering Memory Leaks Within The Ruby Ecosystem

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Until lately, Ruby lacked a mechanism for detecting native-degree Memory Wave System leaks from inside Ruby and native gems. This was as a result of, when Ruby terminates, it does not free the objects which might be nonetheless alive or the memory used by Ruby’s virtual machine. It's because the system will reclaim all the memory used anyway, so it’s just extra work that might make Ruby’s shutdown slower. Nevertheless, this meant that it was impossible to determine whether a chunk of memory was leaked or was simply not cleaned up. This meant that it was arduous to research Ruby functions that suffered from memory leaks, causing them to eat increasing amounts of memory until the system runs out and terminates the applying. This is undesirable as it is an inefficient use of system resources, which would value money and efficiency, and could lead to downtime for an internet server. I describe in higher element in the following section and in another weblog publish. Valgrind memcheck to search out memory leaks in native gems.



Valgrind memcheck is a device used to seek out Memory Wave leaks in native functions. However, we can’t use it directly on Ruby as a result of Ruby doesn’t free its memory throughout shutdown, leading Valgrind memcheck to report thousands of false-positive memory leaks. Ruby doesn’t free its memory throughout shutdown because the system will reclaim all the program’s memory after the program has terminated anyway, so explicitly freeing the memory would only make Ruby’s shutdown slower. Since there are tens, if not hundreds, of places the place these kinds of "memory leaks" happen in Ruby at shutdown, making a characteristic to free all the memory at shutdown would have been very time-consuming. Ruby or a real memory leak from the native gem. In fact, the heuristic is just not perfect and could cause false-negatives (i.e. it may possibly filter out real memory leaks). Nokogiri, liquid-c, gRPC, and Protobuf. Linux techniques since Valgrind solely runs on Linux.



Which means we cannot use a sooner memory checker like Google’s sanitizers or help different operating techniques resembling using the macOS leaks software. In 2023, Adam Hess from GitHub collaborated with me to develop a characteristic in Ruby that frees all memory at shutdown. EXIT function which instructs Ruby to free all of its memory at shutdown when the setting variable is ready. By implementing this with a flag, Ruby can maintain a fast shutdown when this function isn't needed and solely free memory at shutdown when the function is enabled. The implementation is fairly easy. However, it’s not that straightforward, since circular dependencies made it tough. For instance, we free Ruby objects earlier than we free the VM as a result of freeing Ruby objects may need the VM to be alive (e.g. executing finalizers), but things like Threads and the main Ractor are all Ruby objects, so we can not free these objects till after a lot of the VM has been freed. We then free the VM, and finally we return and free the leftover objects that received skipped. EXIT, we ran Ruby’s tests and specs by way of Valgrind and the macOS leaks tool to find memory leaks. Through this function, we were able to find over 30 memory leaks originating from inside of Ruby. 1. The perform that checks for timeouts is modified from raising an error when the common expression match instances out to returning a boolean on whether the match timed out. Since a increase will bounce out of the function and into the Ruby frame with the rescue, it bypasses any cleanup of memory allotted for the match and thus leaks memory. By returning a boolean when the match instances out, it permits cleanup earlier than the Regexp::TimeoutError is raised.



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