Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 Eleventh Ed.
Primarily, nap is the raised (fuzzy) surface on certain sorts of cloth, cordless pruning shears equivalent to velvet or moleskin. Nap can refer moreover to different surfaces that look like the surface of a napped cloth, such as the floor of a felt or beaver hat. Starting around the 14th century, the word referred originally to the roughness of woven cloth before it was sheared. When cloth, especially woollen cloth, is woven, the floor of the cloth is not smooth, and this roughness is the nap. Generally the cloth is then "sheared" to create a good floor, and the nap is thus eliminated. A one who trimmed the floor of cloth with power shears to remove any excess nap was often known as a shearman. Nap typically has a direction during which it feels smoothest. In garments, nap direction is often matched throughout seams, because cloth will not solely feel but look completely different relying on the course of the nap.
For this reason, sewing patterns ceaselessly show the nap path, or warn that more fabric shall be wanted if the fabric has a nap. For the reason that fifteenth century, the term nap has generally referred to a special pile given to the cloth. The time period pile refers to raised fibres which might be there on goal, fairly than as a by-product of producing the cloth. In this case, the nap is woven into the cloth, typically by weaving loops into the fabric, which might then be minimize or left intact. Carpets, rugs, velvet, velour, power shears and velveteen, are made by interlacing a secondary yarn via woven cloth, creating a nap or pile. In the finishing means of manufacturing textiles, after the cloth is woven, power shears it goes by processes similar to washing, fulling, raising the nap and trimming the nap. After the nap is trimmed, the fabric is taken into account finished. The raising course of, which attracts out the ends of the fibres, is finished on each woollen and cotton fabric.
Flannelette is a cotton fabric that goes by way of this process. There are ways to 'elevate the nap', most of which contain wire brushes comparable to elevating cards. Originally, dried teasel pods were used and have been still most well-liked for use on woollen cloth for a very long time. Woollen fabrics, which have to be damp when raising the nap, are then dried and stretched before the nap is trimmed or sheared. Cotton cloth goes straight to the shearing process, the place the nap gets trimmed to ensure that all the raised fibres are the same size. Fabric sueding is carried out on a sueding machine with abrasive covered rollers; the machines can suede each sides of fabric, whether woven or knitted. Creasing and variations in the middle selvedge are two major issues with sueded fabrics. Sueding is a mechanical finishing process that exposes the fabric to an abrasive surface, making a small, power shears smooth pile.
The abrasion mechanism may be outfitted with sandpaper, emery paper or carbon brushes. The abrasive materials on the machine's rollers cuts and shreds floor fibres, resulting in a tender texture with a brief pile. Alcantara, Ultrasuede and Microsuede are a few of the numerous trademarked model names for forms of plush microfiber with a feel resembling tender suede; this type of material is more durable and resistant to liquids and heavy duty pruning shears stains, and will be used in upholstery, accessories, clothes or sneakers. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nap" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. The Oxford English Dictionary. The Internet Surname Database. The Oxford English Dictionary. Knecht, Edmund (1911). "Finishing" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. The Oxford English Dictionary. Textile Manufacturer & Knitting World 1977: Iss 1. Textile Manufacturer. Textile Technology Digest 1996-06: Vol 53. Textile Information Center. Elsasser, Virginia Hencken (2005). Textiles : ideas and rules. New York, NY: Fairchild Publications. A.T.A. Journal. Adsale Publishing Company. Joseph, Marjory L. (1992). Joseph's introductory textile science. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
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