National Geographic Magazine Volume 31 Number 6 The Conversion Of Old Newspapers And Candle Ends Into Fuel

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Revision as of 00:07, 6 October 2025 by JudsonEdman260 (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<br>Three of those little rolls of paper, no bigger than a spool of silk, saturated with sizzling paraffin and allowed to cool, will burn without smoke, which in the presence of the enemy is dangerous, and will boil a pint of soup in about ten minutes and keep lighted for twenty minutes or half an hour. By supporting the can of soup on pieces of rock and defending the flames from the wind a perfect individual camp meal will be made. In Italy and France girls and youngste...")
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Three of those little rolls of paper, no bigger than a spool of silk, saturated with sizzling paraffin and allowed to cool, will burn without smoke, which in the presence of the enemy is dangerous, and will boil a pint of soup in about ten minutes and keep lighted for twenty minutes or half an hour. By supporting the can of soup on pieces of rock and defending the flames from the wind a perfect individual camp meal will be made. In Italy and France girls and youngsters are rolling previous newspapers into tight rolls, pasting down the edges with glue or paste, and boiling them in paraffin to make ration heaters (scalda-rancio) out of them for using the troopers in the trenches in the high Alps, where coal cannot be despatched. They're making them by the million. The Italian National Society furnishes 1½ million a day to the federal government, and the old newspapers are being used up for this goal so quick that they are becoming scarce, and paraffin has turn into very expensive.



In America there are still hundreds of thousands of candle ends and 1000's of tons of newspapers scattered over the nation, and it might appear to be nicely worth while for the 1000's of keen arms within the properties to convert them into these most helpful ration heaters for the boys at the front, or for their use next winter in the coaching camps, and even for use at dwelling, the place they will take the place of the dearer strong alcohol or substitute kindlings in the kitchen stove. It's the simplest factor conceivable to make ration heaters, or scalda-rancio, as they're called in Italy, if one follows the instructions of the National Italian Society. Spread out 4 newspapers, eight sheets in all, and start rolling on the lengthy edge. Roll as tightly as possible till the papers are half rolled, then fold back the first three sheets toward the rolled half and proceed to wrap across the roll nearly to the first fold, then fold again one other three sheets and proceed to wrap around the roll again up to the final margin of the paper.



On this margin, consisting of two sheets, spread a little glue or paste and continue the rolling, in order to make a compact roll of paper nearly like a torch. If six of the sheets are not turned underneath, there will likely be too many edges to glue. While the newspapers could also be lower along the line of the columns earlier than rolling and the person columns rolled individually, as is completed within the making of the trench candles in France, it is less complicated to roll the entire newspaper into a protracted roll and then lower it into quick lengths. A pointy carving knife, a pair of pruning shears, or an old school hay-cutter will reduce the rolls simply. These little rolls must then be boiled for 4 minutes in enough paraffin to cover them after which taken out and cooled, when they are able to be put in bags and despatched to the entrance. If there are extra newspapers than candle ends, block paraffin can be bought for a few cents at any grocery or drug store.



One supply suggests that atgeirr, kesja, and höggspjót all consult with the identical weapon. A more cautious studying of the saga texts doesn't assist this concept. The saga textual content suggests similarities between atgeirr and kesja, which are primarily used for thrusting, and between höggspjót and bryntröll, which were primarily used for cutting. Whatever the weapons may need been, they seem to have been more effective, and used with greater Wood Ranger Power Shears website, than a extra typical axe or spear. Perhaps this impression is because these weapons were typically wielded by saga heros, corresponding to Gunnar and Egill. Yet Hrútr, who used a bryntröll so effectively in Laxdæla saga, was an 80-year-previous man and was thought not to current any actual risk. Perhaps examples of those weapons do survive in archaeological finds, but the features that distinguished them to the eyes of a Viking aren't so distinctive that we in the modern period would classify them as totally different weapons. A cautious reading of how the atgeir is used in the sagas offers us a rough concept of the dimensions and shape of the pinnacle essential to perform the moves described.



This measurement and shape corresponds to some artifacts discovered in the archaeological document that are often categorized as spears. The saga text also offers us clues in regards to the size of the shaft. This data has allowed us to make a speculative reproduction of an atgeir, which now we have used in our Viking fight coaching (right). Although speculative, this work suggests that the atgeir really is particular, the king of weapons, both for Wood Ranger Power Shears coupon Wood Ranger Power Shears manual Power Shears review vary and for Wood Ranger Power Shears website attacking potentialities, performing above all different weapons. The lengthy reach of the atgeir held by the fighter on the left might be clearly seen, in comparison with the sword and one-hand axe within the fighter on the right. In chapter sixty six of Grettis saga, a giant used a fleinn towards Grettir, often translated as "pike". The weapon can be known as a heftisax, a word not in any other case identified in the saga literature. In chapter 53 of Egils saga is an in depth description of a brynþvari (mail scraper), usually translated as "halberd".