1911 Encyclopædia Britannica Oxygen

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OXYGEN (image O, atomic weight 16), a non-metallic chemical aspect. It was apparently first obtained in 1727 by Stephen Hales by strongly heating minium, however he doesn't seem to have acknowledged that he had obtained a new ingredient, and the first revealed description of its properties was because of J. Priestley in 1774, who obtained the gas by igniting mercuric oxide, and gave it the title "dephlogistigated air." K. W. Scheele, working independently, additionally introduced in 1775 the discovery of this component which he called "empyreal air" (Crells’ Annalen, 1785, 2, pp. 229, 291). A. L. Lavoisier repeated Priestley’s experiments and named the fuel "oxygen" (from Gr. Oxygen occurs naturally as one of the chief constituents of the environment, and together with different parts it is found in very giant portions; it constitutes roughly eight-ninths by weight of water and practically one-half by weight of the rocks composing the earth’s crust. It's also disengaged by growing vegetation, plants possessing the power of absorbing carbon dioxide, assimilating the carbon and rejecting the oxygen.



Oxygen could also be ready by heating mercuric oxide; by strongly heating manganese dioxide and lots of different peroxides; by heating the oxides of treasured metals; and by heating many oxy-acids and oxy-salts to high temperatures, BloodVitals SPO2 device for instance, nitric acid, BloodVitals SPO2 device sulphuric acid, nitre, lead nitrate, zinc sulphate, potassium chlorate, &c. Potassium chlorate is usually used and the response is accelerated and carried out at a decrease temperature by previously mixing the salt with about one-third of its weight of manganese dioxide, BloodVitals SPO2 which acts as a catalytic agent. The actual decomposition of the chlorate shouldn't be settled undoubtedly; the following equations give the results obtained by P. F. Frankland and Dingwall (Chem. News, 1887, 55, p. 67):-at a reasonable heat: BloodVitals SPO2 device 8KClO3=5KClO4+3KCl+2O2, succeeded by the next reactions as the temperature will increase: 2KClO3=KClO4+KCl+O2 and 2KClO3=2KCl+3O2 (see additionally F. Teed, ibid., 1887, 55, p. 91; H. N. Warren, ibid., 1888, 58, p. 247; W. H. Sodeau, Proc. Chem Soc., 1901, 17, BloodVitals SPO2 device p.



149). It might even be obtained by heating manganese dioxide or potassium bichromate or potassium permanganate with sulphuric acid; by the motion of cobalt salts or manganese dioxide on a solution of bleaching powder (Th. Fleitmann, Ann., 1865, BloodVitals monitor 134, p. 64); by the action of a ferrous or manganous salt with a salt of cobalt, nickel or copper on bleaching powder (G. F. Jaubert, Ger. pat. 157171); by passing chlorine into milk of lime (C. Winkler, Jour, prakt. Chem., 1866, 98, p. 340); by the motion of chlorine on steam at a vivid crimson heat; by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by bleaching powder, manganese dioxide, potassium ferricyanide in alkaline solution, or potassium permanganate in acid solution; by heating barium peroxide with an aqueous resolution of potassium ferricyanide (G. Kassner, Zeit. angew. Chem., BloodVitals device 1890, p. 2+O2; by the decomposition of sodium and potassium peroxides with a solution of potassium permanganate in the presence of a hint of nickel salts (G.



F. Jaubert, Comptes rendus, 1902, 134, p. Numerous methods have been devised for the manufacture of oxygen. The extra important are as follows: by decomposing strongly heated sulphuric acid within the presence of a contact substance; by heating an intimate mixture of one a part of sodium nitrate with two elements of zinc oxide (T. H. Pepper, Dingler’s Jour., BloodVitals SPO2 device 1863, 167, p. 39): 2ZnO+4NaNO3=2Zn(ONa)2+2N2+5O2; by the use of cuprous chloride which when combined with clay and sand, moistened with water and BloodVitals SPO2 device heated in a present of air at 100-200° C. yields an oxychloride, which latter yields oxygen when heated to 400° C (A. Mallet, Comptes rendus, 1867, 64, p. 226; 1868, 66, Blood Vitals p. 349); by the electrolysis of solutions of sodium hydroxide, utilizing nickel electrodes; by heating calcium plumbate (obtained from litharge and calcium carbonate) in a present of carbon dioxide (G. Kassner, BloodVitals wearable Monit. Scient., 1890, pp. 503, 614); and from air by the technique of Tessié du Motay (Ding.