Seminario di Fisica teorica INFN/DIFI – Vincenzo Vitagliano (Universitá di Genova)
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a transversal concept in modern physics, being pivotal for our understanding of mass generation in particle physics, topological defects formation in cosmology, and the appearance of condensed phases of matter. I will discuss some recent results about the way symmetry breaking occurs for systems embedded in a curved background, when curvature acts as an effective mass that, depending on the sign, enhances or suppresses the mechanism responsible for phase transitions. I will then move to a general discussion about the ground state of nonlinear field theories, commenting on the substantial changes in the structure of the quantum vacuum occurring even for the simplest choice of boundary conditions. Not only this leads to nontrivial modulation of the Casimir force as a function of external conditions, but it also regulates the behaviour at small vs large scales.
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Topic: Theory and Pheno seminars
https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/8573185271
Meeting ID: 857 318 5271
(Seminario di Fisica Teorica)
In this talk I consider gravitational mulipoles in 4D theories beyond pure Einstein gravity. For the Kerr black hole, the mutlipole moments are uniquely determined by the first mass and current multipoles, but this is not necessarily true beyond classical gravity, in string theory for example. We will look at the effects of higher-derivative corrections to the Kerr mutlipoles from an EFT point of view and discuss their viability as probes of corrections to the Kerr black hole. We will also discuss whether the richer structure of multipole moments in string theory, as compared to that of the Kerr black hole, can be used to pose constraints on corrections to General Relativity coming from string theory.
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Topic: Theory and Pheno seminars
https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/8573185271
Meeting ID: 857 318 5271
Conformal field theories have two main characteristics. First, they are important in the study of critical phenomena. Second, their rigid structure makes them suitable to test theoretical challenges and obtain general results. In this talk, I will describe some of their general features and see how physical data can be extracted using powerful theoretical tools. Specifically, I will focus on the study of the O(n) CFT in less than four dimensions, trying to systematize the study of four-point correlators. I will explain how to use the Lorentzian inversion formula to extract physical data in perturbation theory and discuss some interesting features and technical details which arise in the process.
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Topic: Theory and Pheno seminars
https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/8573185271
Meeting ID: 857 318 5271
Seminario di Fenomenologia
Multi-parton distributions in a proton, the nonperturbative quantities needed to make predictions for multiple scattering rates, are poorly constrained from theory and data and must be modelled. All Monte Carlo event generators that simulate multiple parton interactions (e.g. Pythia) contain such a model of multi-parton PDFs. One important theoretical constraint for the case of double parton distributions is provided by the so-called number and momentum sum rules. In this talk I will give a brief overview of existing models of multi-parton PDFs and discuss to what extent the double parton distribution functions used in the Pythia event generator obey these sum rules. Additionally I will also consider the number and momentum sum rules for the triple parton distribution functions and discuss how one can use the Pythia code to construct triple parton distribution functions which approximately satisfy these sum rules.
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Topic: Theory and Pheno seminars
https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/8573185271
Meeting ID: 857 318 5271
Seminario di Fenomenologia
Understanding the laws governing the dark matter dynamics in the
Universe is undoubtedly one of the pressing questions in
astro-particle physics. While investigations of elementary particles
as potential dark matter candidates have been at the heart of
investigations, an equally interesting possibility arises if dark
matter is instead a composite particle. I will take an overview of
dark matter theories arising from extensions of Standard Model with
new non-Abelian sectors. Analysis of such dark sector dynamics
benefits from connections to lattice calculations. I will sketch the
avenues of progress and highlight some of the open questions in this
direction. I will also take two example realisations of such strongly
interacting dark matter theories and exemplify associated
phenomenology.
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Topic: Theory and Pheno seminars
https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/8573185271
Meeting ID: 857 318 5271
Seminario di Fisica Teorica
It has became clear that the landscape of possible effective field theories arising from string compactifications is vast. On the other hand, in the last 20 years it has been shown that it represents only a small part of the possible QFTs coupled to gravity one may imagine. The reason is, as shown by the seminal work by Vafa and Ooguri, that most QFTs when coupled to gravity develop subtle inconsistencies and for that they can’t appear as effective field theories of a consistent theory of quantum gravity. The space of such theories as been called the “swampland”, in opposition to the landscape, and the conditions they fail to satisfy “swampland conjectures”. In this talk, I will give first a review of the swampland program and the main swampland conjectures, explaining the arguments that justify them, and then show recent results obtained with Martucci and Weigand about constraints on N=1 d=4 theories coming from the existence of peculiar extended objects in their spectrum we called “EFT strings”. In particular, we will be able to derive upper bounds on the possible rank of the gauge group of the 4 dimensional theory and check the validity of this claim in a large number of explicit string theory constructions.
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Topic: Theory and Pheno seminars
https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/8573185271
Meeting ID: 857 318 5271
Seminario di Fenomenologia
Recently, JPAC collaboration has developed and benchmarked a systematic approach to use Deep Neural Networks as a model-independent tool to analyze and interpret experimental data and to determine the nature of an exotic hadron. Specifically, we studied the line shape of the Pc(4312) signal reported by the LHCb collaboration. This novel method presents great potential and can be applied to other near-threshold resonance candidates.
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Topic: Theory and Pheno seminars
https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/8573185271
Meeting ID: 857 318 5271
Seminario di Fenomenologia
Particle Flow (PFlow), the task of reconstructing final state particles from the detector readout, is at the heart of Collider physics. The task is quite challenging due to the complex nature of the detector data, which is heterogeneous (tracks, cells, cluster of energies), sparse, and usually originates from a non-uniform detector geometry. The recent advancements in the felid of Machine learning (ML) have suggested new possibilities beyond the scope of traditional parametric approaches to solving this complex task. In the talk, I will show models that use a set of detector hits as inputs and predict a set of reconstructed particles. I will also discuss a few novel approaches with graph-based architectures, and understand how we can combine ML with physical motivations to obtain State-of-the-art performance. I will also discuss how these models are well-suited to tackle generative problems.
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Topic: Theory and Pheno seminars
https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/8573185271
Meeting ID: 857 318 5271
Seminario di Fenomenologia
The unprecedented precision of data cosmic rays and gamma rays challenges
our understanding of the origin and of the behaviour of cosmic rays in the
Galaxy. We will discuss possible interpretations of the nuclear component,
with emphasis payed to the antimatter channels, where a possible
contribution from dark matter annihilation has been argued.
We will critically assess the leptonic component within a multi-messenger
approach, and in connection with the most recent observations in
gamma-rays.
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Topic: Theory and Pheno seminars
https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/8573185271
Meeting ID: 857 318 5271
Seminario di Fisica Teorica
Higher-dimensional topological phases play a key role in understanding the lower-dimensional topological phases and the related topological responses through a dimensional reduction procedure. In this talk, I present a 4+1-D Dirac-type Hamiltonian protected by CP-symmetry, whose 3D boundary supports an odd number of Dirac cones. This system supports (4+1)-D quantum spin and valley Hall effects. A specific perturbation splits each bulk massive Dirac cone into two valleys separated in energy-momentum space with opposite second Chern numbers, in which the 3D boundary modes become a nodal sphere or a Weyl semi-metallic phase. By introducing the electromagnetic (EM) and pseudo-EM fields, exotic topological responses of our system are revealed, which are found to be described by the (4+1)-D mixed Chern-Simons theories in the low-energy regime. Notably, several topological phase transitions occur when the bulk gap closes by giving rise to exotic double-nodal-line/nodal-hyper-torus gapless phases. Finally, I show how to probe experimentally these topological effects in cold atoms.
Per connettersi a zoom
Topic: Theory and Pheno seminars
https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/8573185271
Meeting ID: 857 318 5271