Physics Colloquia
I will review constraints on dark matter nature like, i.e. the dark matter free streaming, in the context of structure formation by using hydrodynamical simulations and observational data sets. In particular, I will focus on ordinary matter that does not shine in between galaxies: the intergalactic medium.
I will show that the most competitive constraints on warm dark matter (with a non-negligible free streaming) can be obtained from the main manifestation of the intergalactic medium, the so-called Lyman-alpha forest produced by neutral hydrogen in the filamentary cosmic web.
Moreover, I will show quantitative constraints on neutrino masses, comment on other dark matter scenarios (scalar dark matter, dark matter interacting with baryons or radiation) and assess the prospects of 21cm intensity mapping in addressing dark matter nature.
Seminario Fenomenologia delle Particelle
Investigating neutrino physics through observations of the Universe is crucial for addressing open questions in both cosmology and particle physics.
After reviewing current cosmological constraints on neutrino properties, I will show the potential of forthcoming large-scale structure data from the ESA Euclid mission to detect the neutrino mass sum and provide insights into the existence of light particles beyond the Standard Model.
I will also discuss how non-standard neutrino interactions, which may help to resolve the Hubble constant tension, can be constrained with future cosmological data.
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Seminario di Fenomenologia delle particelle
Abstract:
Exotic hadron spectroscopy is a hot field since it has experienced a very productive period in the past 20 years, especially in the last years, in which new discoveries and/or new evidences of exotic states are published every three-four months. The outlook for the coming decades is that it will continuously grow thanks to the increasing interest from both the theoretical and the experimental sides of the scientific community, as witnessed by the large amount of literature on this field.
In the first part of the talk, some of the main experimental findings and theoretical predictions given before the experimental discoveries, regarding fully charm tetraquarks and pentaquarks, will be presented and discussed.
In the sector of fully charm pentaquark states, I will provide an outline of both the compact pentaquark description [1] and the description based on the coupling between the meson-baryon channels and the 5-quark core channels for the nonstrange [2,3] and the strange sector [4], and I will compare the predictions of these models with the experimental data.
In the sector of fully charm and fully bottom tetraquarks, I will present the calculation of $0^++$ and $2^++$ fully heavy tetraquark decay widths and branching ratios within the vector meson dominance model in the fully bottom [5] and fully charm sector [6] and compare the results with the recent experimental data.
In the second part of the talk, I will show a new method to compute the virtual contributions in KT-factorization [7,8]. As I will explain, this new formalism is a fundamental step to bridge the gap between the lowest order calculations and the NLO corrections in hybrid kT-factorization, thus being relevant for a more precise description of the experimental data in the rich field of forward physics.
[1] E. Santopinto and A. Giachino, Phys. Rev. D 96, 014014 (2017).
[2] Y. Yamaguchi, A. Giachino, A. Hosaka, E. Santopinto, S. Takeuchi and M. Takizawa, Phys. Rev. D 96, 114031 (2017)
[3] Y. Yamaguchi, H. Garcìa-Tecocoatzi, A. Giachino, A. Hosaka, E. Santopinto, S. Takeuchi and M. Takizawa, Phys. Rev. D 101, 091502 (2020).
[4] A. Giachino, A. Hosaka, E. Santopinto, S. Takeuchi, M. Takizawa, Y. Yamaguchi, Phys. Rev. D 108, 074012 (2023).
[5] C. Becchi, A. Giachino, L. Maiani and E. Santopinto, Phys. Lett. B 806, 135495 (2020)
[6] C. Becchi, J. Ferretti, A. Giachino, L. Maiani and E. Santopinto, Phys. Lett. B 811, 135952 (2020).
[7] E. Blanco, A. Giachino, A. van Hameren, P. Kotko, Nucl. Phys. B 995 (2023).
[8] A new subtraction scheme at NLO exploiting the privilege of kT-factorization, A. Giachino, A. van Hameren and G. Ziarko, e-Print: 2312.02808, submitted to JHEP.
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Physics Colloquia
Abstract:
Climate change is one of the most challenging global issues that humankind faces. The earth average surface temperature has risen more than 1 degree since the pre-industrial time and 2023 was the warmest year since 1880, year when modern measurement records began. The basic chemistry and physics of climate change have been understood for more than a century and effects already well documented. Science and research have significantly improved our understanding of the causes and our response options: human activities are estimated to have caused the temperature increase since pre-industrial time and global warming is projected to increase if substantial and sustained actions to reduce the human impact are not taken soon. Exploring the pivotal role of science in shaping international and European climate change policy, we delve into the dynamic interplay between scientific advancements and policy decisions as the scientific community’s influence is undeniable, driving evidence-based strategies that navigate the complex challenges of climate change.
Seminario Fisica Teorica
Despite General Relativity’s experimental success, theoretical motivations suggest it may not offer the ultimate description of black hole physics. The entropy puzzle and the black hole information paradox are two challenges that any proposed theory of quantum gravity must confront. In this talk, I will introduce the “fuzzball proposal”, a conjecture arising from string theory’s construction of black holes in terms of strings and branes. According to this conjecture, strong quantum gravity effects that occur already at the horizon scale hold promise for providing a consistent microscopic description of black hole physics. I will then discuss various tools and techniques (including holography, shockwave perturbations and computational methods) which can be used to examine and corroborate this conjecture.
Galaxy redshift surveys provide a large number of observables to constrain fundamental parameters of our universe. I will provide a general introduction to the concept of spectroscopic galaxy surveys as well as an overview of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. I will then discuss the first results of the year 1 analysis of DESI together with an outlook for the upcoming year 3 and year 5 analysis.
Physics Colloquia
Abstract: The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project at CERN has offered the opportunity to promote and develop various types of enabling accelerator technologies, such as MgB2 superconducting links for cold powering and Nb3Sn accelerators magnets for the interaction regions. The superconducting link is in an advanced prototyping phase and is expected to be fully validated in the coming months. The Nb3Sn magnet development has encountered serious difficulties characterized by performance limitation or degradation which have now been overcome. We report on the status and challenges of HL-LHC magnets and devices at CERN, with a primary focus on the root cause analysis and recovery actions implemented for the final focusing Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, and a comparison with similar issues encountered over a decade ago on the Nb3Sn Cable-in-Conduit conductors for ITER magnets. We also present two ongoing spin-off projects which benefit from HL-LHC technology developments: a strongly curved, Nb-Ti, canted cosine theta (CCT) magnet and an energy-efficient, MgB2, superferric dipole magnet.
Seminario di gruppo II
The implementation of resonance ionization using powerful tunable laser systems at high transmission mass separators has led to numerous research activities on stable as well as radioactive isotopes. Aside of the application as highly selective and efficient ion source for rare species at radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities like ISOLDE at CERN or ISAC at TRIUMF, direct in-source spectroscopy on atomic structure and nuclear ground state properties are carried out, e.g., in the range of the actinides and other radioisotopes. At the RISIKO off-line mass separator facility the laser systems are adapted and such investigations are prepared, complementing efficient implantation runs of ultrapure radioisotope samples for specific programs. These include collections of 6Li, 53Mn, 55Fe, 158Tb, 163Ho, and 226Ra in microscopic metallic calorimeters (MMCs) and on other targets. The technology will be presented with special emphasis on the laser systems and the required mass separator optimizations together with some recent applications of relevance.
Seminario di Fisica Teorica
This talk will cover key elements of the Electroweak (EW) sector of the Standard Model (SM). I will firstly review the underlying structure and general features of EW interactions, from the well known Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) mechanism to the complex-mass scheme for the decay of weak gauge bosons. An overview of relevant related topics, such as the Goldstone Boson Equivalence Theorem (GBET), will also be discussed. Finally, I will briefly address the behavior of EW corrections at high energy. In this regime, one-loop EW corrections are logarithmically enhanced and in tail of kinematic distributions can yield correction factors of several tens of percent, reaching a similar size to the corresponding QCD ones. Thus, a very good control of these effects, and of remaining theoretical uncertainties, is crucial for the success of many physics endeavours at the LHC.
Seminario di fisica teorica
Since the proposal of the AdS/CFT correspondence, several examples of this conjecture involving branes wrapped on smooth Riemann surfaces $Sigma$ have appeared in the literature. In all these constructions, the $D=10,11$ supergravity solutions exhibit a boundary of the schematic form $AdS_{d+1}times M_{D-(d+1)}$ and a near-horizon geometry of the type $AdS_{d+1-n}times Sigma_ntimes M_{D-(d+1)}$, where $M$ is a compact manifold. After reducing the higher-dimensional theory on $M$, these solutions are interpreted as black branes in $AdS_{d+1}$ wrapped on $Sigma$. In this setup, supersymmetry is preserved via the so-called topological twist, which ensures that the supersymmetry spinor is independent of the coordinates on $Sigma$. A pivotal shift occurred with the work arXiv:2011.10579, which showed that branes could also be wrapped on orbifolds (specifically, the spindle). This breakthrough revealed that supersymmetry can be preserved in a completely novel way through the anti-twist, an orbifold generalization of the no-twist. Following this, significant efforts have been devoted to constructing similar and even more intricate solutions. Of particular interest is the case $d=1$, as the resulting metric is expected to correspond to the near-horizon limit of supersymmetric black holes in string theory. In the first part of this seminar, I will introduce the main characters of this game, with a focus on why black holes play a central role in the study of quantum gravity. I will then discuss my current research on spindles, with reference to arXiv:2210.16128, arXiv:2402.08724 and arXiv:2409.xxxxx.